[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.demkovic.cz\/historicke-mezniky-kulickoveho-pera\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.demkovic.cz\/historicke-mezniky-kulickoveho-pera\/","headline":"Historick\u00e9 mezn\u00edky kuli\u010dkov\u00e9ho pera","name":"Historick\u00e9 mezn\u00edky kuli\u010dkov\u00e9ho pera","description":"Inkoustov\u00e9 pero P\u0159edch\u016fdcem sou\u010dasn\u00fdch propisek bylo inkoustov\u00e9 pero. Dva ocelov\u00e9 hroty sev\u0159en\u00e9 a zes\u00edlen\u00e9 v koncov\u00e9m bod\u011b, kter\u00fd vytv\u00e1\u0159el souvislou dr\u00e1hu po pap\u00ed\u0159e, zn\u00e1 lidstvo ji\u017e n\u011bkolik stovek let. P\u016fvodn\u00ed inkoustov\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed n\u00e1pl\u0148 je dnes nahrazov\u00e1na syntetickou a mezi n\u00e1mi jsou […]","datePublished":"2023-05-06","dateModified":"2023-05-06","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.demkovic.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.demkovic.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/06473a178d94fb830b46e277369729e9534f2612e261ec2f1ee96b672ef473e2?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/06473a178d94fb830b46e277369729e9534f2612e261ec2f1ee96b672ef473e2?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"demkovic.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.demkovic.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a328783_w2651_t1540922160.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.demkovic.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a328783_w2651_t1540922160.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.demkovic.cz\/historicke-mezniky-kulickoveho-pera\/","about":["V\u00fdrobky"],"wordCount":505,"articleBody":"\tInkoustov\u00e9 peroP\u0159edch\u016fdcem sou\u010dasn\u00fdch propisek bylo inkoustov\u00e9 pero. Dva ocelov\u00e9 hroty sev\u0159en\u00e9 a zes\u00edlen\u00e9 v koncov\u00e9m bod\u011b, kter\u00fd vytv\u00e1\u0159el souvislou dr\u00e1hu po pap\u00ed\u0159e, zn\u00e1 lidstvo ji\u017e n\u011bkolik stovek let. P\u016fvodn\u00ed inkoustov\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed n\u00e1pl\u0148 je dnes nahrazov\u00e1na syntetickou a mezi n\u00e1mi jsou st\u00e1le p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed up\u0159ednostn\u00ed plnic\u00ed pera p\u0159ed klasick\u00fdmi propiskami.\tPrvn\u00ed kuli\u010dka v plnic\u00edm peruNejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm \u00faskal\u00edm plnic\u00edho pera byl ohebn\u00fd hrot, kter\u00fd po ur\u010dit\u00e9 dob\u011b, nebo neopatrn\u00fdm zach\u00e1zen\u00edm ztr\u00e1cel na sv\u00fdch vlastnostech. To bylo tak\u00e9 d\u016fvodem k tomu, \u017ee se jist\u00fd John Loud zamyslel nad sv\u00fdm vyn\u00e1lezem prvn\u00edho kuli\u010dkov\u00e9ho pera. Bylo to v roce 1888, jednalo se o hrot s kuli\u010dkou, kter\u00e1 se ot\u00e1\u010dela pod n\u00e1dobkou s inkoustem. Pohyb kuli\u010dky na sebe v\u00e1zal n\u00e1pl\u0148, ale prakticky bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edt psac\u00ed n\u00e1stroj pouze pro psan\u00ed po drsn\u00e9m povrchu d\u0159eva nebo k\u016f\u017ee. I p\u0159esto byl objev v tomto roce patentov\u00e1n.\tKuli\u010dkov\u00e1 propiskaVyn\u00e1lez kuli\u010dky pln\u011bn\u00e9 inkoustem v\u0161ak lid\u00e9 nemohli vyu\u017e\u00edt na pap\u00edrov\u00fd podklad a tak postupn\u011b upadl v zapomn\u011bn\u00ed. Teprve v prvn\u00ed polovin\u011b 20. stolet\u00ed opr\u00e1\u0161il novin\u00e1\u0159 ma\u010farsk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Bir\u00f3 vyn\u00e1lez pohybliv\u00e9 kuli\u010dky, aby cel\u00fd princip zdokonalil. Pohyboval se v tisk\u00e1rn\u011b, kde se vyu\u017e\u00edvala speci\u00e1ln\u00ed barva, kter\u00e1 na rozd\u00edl od inkoustu velmi rychle na vzduchu zasychala. Se sv\u00fdm bratrem, kter\u00fd pracoval jako chemik, vytvo\u0159ili je\u0161t\u011b hust\u0161\u00ed tekutinu, s n\u00ed\u017e bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 ps\u00e1t jak po pap\u00ed\u0159e, tak i po textiln\u00edm povrchu nebo po plastech. Zrodila se prvn\u00ed kuli\u010dkov\u00e1 propiska.V roce 1938 byl vyn\u00e1lez patentov\u00e1n, ale jeliko\u017e byl vyn\u00e1lezce \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu, musel uprchnout p\u0159ed nacisty do Argentiny. Z prvn\u00edch propisek sice ob\u010das unikal inkoust, ale i p\u0159esto byl prodej licenc\u00ed na v\u00fdrobu \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd. Zna\u010dn\u00fd profit v\u0161ak pat\u0159il v t\u00e9to oblasti Ameri\u010danu Miltonu Reynoldsovi. Ten toti\u017e p\u016fvodn\u00ed vyn\u00e1lez jednodu\u0161e okop\u00edroval, poda\u0159ilo se mu jej zdokonalit a n\u011bkolik let sv\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b prod\u00e1val.Dne\u0161n\u00ed podoba kuli\u010dkov\u00e9ho pera poch\u00e1z\u00ed od Francouze Marcela Bicha. Ten byl na rozd\u00edl od Reynoldse poctiv\u00fd, koupil si licenci na Ma\u010far\u016fv vyn\u00e1lez, ale jeho \u00fapravy tvaru psac\u00edho hrotu a inkoustov\u00e9 n\u00e1pln\u011b nav\u017edy skoncovaly s odkap\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm inkoustu, s ka\u0148kami a rozd\u00edlnou tlou\u0161\u0165kou \u010d\u00e1ry. A\u017e budete tedy dr\u017eet propisku v ruce, budete m\u00edt alespo\u0148 p\u0159edstavu, jak nesnadnou cestu musel tento v\u00fdrobek uj\u00edt, ne\u017e se dostal pr\u00e1v\u011b k v\u00e1m, do va\u0161\u00ed dlan\u011b.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4.1\/5 - (9 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Historick\u00e9 mezn\u00edky kuli\u010dkov\u00e9ho pera","item":"https:\/\/www.demkovic.cz\/historicke-mezniky-kulickoveho-pera\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]